Incorporate review suggestions

* Use Python 3.10.
* Add stages to pipeline.
* Introduce new file to be included locally and move default keyword
and extensions into that new file.
* Add stage keyword to all CI jobs.
* Reorder keywords in CI jobs that use extends keyword.
* Use full relative path to executable when calling app.
* Use needs keyword to define dependencies.
* Use artifacts sub-key of nedds keyword in favour of dependencies
keyword.

.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -5,20 +5,8 @@
 
 ---
 
-default:
-  image: python:3.9
-
-.install_dependencies:
-  before_script:
-    - apt-get update && apt-get -qy install python3 python3-pip
-    - pip3 install cmake
-
-.compiler_versions:
-  parallel:
-    matrix:
-      - VERSION: [ "10", "11", "12" ]
-
 include:
+  - local: ".gitlab/ci/common.gitlab-ci.yml"
   - local: ".gitlab/ci/lint.gitlab-ci.yml"
   - local: ".gitlab/ci/build.gitlab-ci.yml"
   - local: ".gitlab/ci/test.gitlab-ci.yml"

.gitlab/ci/build.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -6,17 +6,17 @@
 ---
 
 build:gcc:
-  image: gcc:${VERSION}
   extends:
     - .install_dependencies
     - .compiler_versions
+  image: gcc:${VERSION}
+  stage: build
   script:
     - cmake -S . -B build_gcc_${VERSION}
     - cmake --build build_gcc_${VERSION}
   artifacts:
     paths:
       - build_gcc_${VERSION}
-  needs: ["lint"]
   interruptible: true
 
 ...

.gitlab/ci/common.gitlab-ci.yml

+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ)
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+---
+
+stages:
+  - lint
+  - build
+  - test
+  - run
+
+default:
+  image: python:3.10
+
+.install_dependencies:
+  before_script:
+    - apt-get update && apt-get -qy install python3 python3-pip
+    - pip3 install cmake
+
+.compiler_versions:
+  parallel:
+    matrix:
+      - VERSION: [ "10", "11", "12" ]
+
+...

.gitlab/ci/lint.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 ---
 
 license_compliance:
+  stage: lint
   before_script:
     - pip install --upgrade pip
     - pip install reuse
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ license_compliance:
   interruptible: true
 
 lint:
+  stage: lint
   before_script:
     - pip install --upgrade pip
     - pip install cpplint

.gitlab/ci/run.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -7,10 +7,12 @@
 
 run:
   image: gcc:11
+  stage: run
   script:
     - cd build_gcc_11/bin/ && ./helloWorld
-  dependencies: ["build:gcc"]
-  needs: ["build:gcc", "test:gcc"]
+  needs:
+    - job: "build:gcc"
+      artifacts: true
   interruptible: true
 
 ...

.gitlab/ci/test.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -6,14 +6,16 @@
 ---
 
 test:gcc:
-  image: gcc:${VERSION}
   extends:
     - .install_dependencies
     - .compiler_versions
+  image: gcc:${VERSION}
+  stage: test
   script:
     - cd build_gcc_${VERSION} && ctest
-  dependencies: ["build:gcc"]
-  needs: ["build:gcc"]
+  needs:
+    - job: "build:gcc"
+      artifacts: true
   interruptible: true
 
 ...